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Compare El Salvador (2008) - Brunei (2001)

Compare El Salvador (2008) z Brunei (2001)

 El Salvador (2008)Brunei (2001)
 El SalvadorBrunei
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure 0-14 years: 36.1% (male 1,281,889/female 1,228,478)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 1,942,674/female 2,134,154)


65 years and over: 5.2% (male 158,276/female 202,602) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772)

15-64 years:
66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007)

65 years and over:
2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products; shrimp rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports 65 (2007) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 61


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 48 (2007)
total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 21,040 sq km


land: 20,720 sq km


water: 320 sq km
total:
5,770 sq km

land:
5,270 sq km

water:
500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Delaware
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries.
Birth rate 26.13 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $3.464 billion


expenditures: $3.605 billion (2007 est.)
revenues:
$2.5 billion

expenditures:
$2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital name: San Salvador


geographic coordinates: 13 42 N, 89 12 W


time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline 307 km 161 km
Constitution 20 December 1983 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador


conventional short form: El Salvador


local long form: Republica de El Salvador


local short form: El Salvador
conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam

conventional short form:
Brunei
Currency - Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate 5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $5.444 billion (December 2007) $0
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Charles L. GLAZER


embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador


mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023


telephone: [503] 2278-4444


FAX: [503] 2278-5522
chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD

embassy:
Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan

mailing address:
PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507

telephone:
[673] (2) 229670

FAX:
[673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez


chancery: 1400 16th Street, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671


FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Dallas, Elizabeth (New Jersey), Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), Nogales (Arizona), Santa Ana (California), San Francisco, Washington, DC


consulate(s): Boston
chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam

chancery:
3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-0159

FAX:
[1] (202) 342-0158
Disputes - international International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, in 1992, with final agreement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States (OAS) survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island
Economic aid - recipient $267.6 million of which $55 million from US (2005) $4.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview The smallest country in Central America, El Salvador has the third largest economy, but growth has been modest in recent years. Robust growth in non-traditional exports have offset declines in the maquila exports, while remittances and external aid offset the trade deficit from high oil prices and strong import demand for consumer and intermediate goods. El Salvador leads the region in remittances per capita with inflows equivalent to nearly all export income. Implementation in 2006 of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), which El Salvador was the first to ratify, has strengthened an already positive export trend. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency in 2001, El Salvador lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. The current government has pursued economic diversification, with some success in promoting textile production, international port services, and tourism through tax incentives. It is committed to opening the economy to trade and investment, and has embarked on a wave of privatizations extending to telecom, electricity distribution, banking, and pension funds. In late 2006, the government and the Millennium Challenge Corporation signed a five-year, $461 million compact to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty in the country's northern region through investments in education, public services, enterprise development, and transportation infrastructure. This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption 5.319 billion kWh (2006) 2.274 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 111.1 million kWh (2007) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 38.6 million kWh (2007) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 5.316 billion kWh (2006) 2.445 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1% Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001 Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
Executive branch chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma Albanez DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma Albanez DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held in March 2009)


election results: Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL 35.6%, Hector SILVA 3.9%, other 2.8%
chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports 4,963 bbl/day (2006) $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners US 49.5%, Guatemala 14.4%, Honduras 8.8%, Nicaragua 5% (2006) Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 10.2%


industry: 29.3%


services: 60.5% (2007 est.)
agriculture:
5%

industry:
46%

services:
49% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.7% (2007 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports 1 (2007) 3 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
1,712 km

paved:
1,284 km

unpaved:
428 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0.7%


highest 10%: 38.8% (2002)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports 45,210 bbl/day (2006) $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners US 32.2%, Guatemala 9.3%, Mexico 7.4%, Germany 6.3%, China 4.7% (2006) Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2% (2007 est.) 4% (1997 est.)
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate total: 22.88 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 25.76 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 19.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.9% (2007 est.) 1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 450 sq km (2003) 10 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (15 judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly; the 15 judges are assigned to four Supreme Court chambers - constitutional, civil, penal, and administrative conflict) Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force 2.87 million (2007 est.) 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel

note:
temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 19%


industry: 23%


services: 58% (2006 est.)
government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total: 545 km


border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total:
381 km

border countries:
Malaysia 381 km
Land use arable land: 31.37%


permanent crops: 11.88%


other: 56.75% (2005)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
85%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system based on civil and Roman law with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 12 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ARENA 34, FMLN 32, PCN 10, PDC 6, CD 2
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)

elections:
last held in March 1962

note:
in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.78 years


male: 68.18 years


female: 75.57 years (2007 est.)
total population:
73.82 years

male:
71.45 years

female:
76.31 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 80.2%


male: 82.8%


female: 77.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
88.2%

male:
92.6%

female:
83.4% (1995 est.)
Location Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

ships by type:
liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.)
Military branches Salvadoran Army (ES), Salvadoran Navy (FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2008) Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $343 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5% (2006) 5.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
3,005 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun: Salvadoran(s)


adjective: Salvadoran
noun:
Bruneian(s)

adjective:
Bruneian
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate -3.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio Cesar HERNANDEZ Carcamo] Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI NA
Population 6,948,073 (July 2007 est.) 343,653 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 30.7% (2006 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.699% (2007 est.) 2.11% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations AM 52, FM 144, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 329,000 (1998)
Railways total: 562 km


narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge


note: railways not in operation since 2005 because of disuse and lack of maintenance due to high costs (2007)
total:
13 km (private line)

narrow gauge:
13 km 0.610-m gauge
Religions Roman Catholic 83%, other 17%


note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.781 male(s)/female


total population: 0.949 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.14 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.92 male(s)/female

total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal none
Telephone system general assessment: the four mobile-cellular service providers are expanding services rapidly and in 2006 mobile-cellular density stood at roughly 55 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system


international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia

domestic:
every service available

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 1.037 million (2006) 79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3.852 million (2006) 43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate 3.08 children born/woman (2007 est.) 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.6% official rate; but the economy has much underemployment (2007 est.) 4.9% (1995 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable for small craft (2007) 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
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